diff --git a/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/file/service/ReferenceAwareCleaner.java b/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/file/service/ReferenceAwareCleaner.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..085a5b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/file/service/ReferenceAwareCleaner.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.nanri.aiimage.modules.file.service;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/**
+ * 引用感知清理决策（task-163）。
+ *
+ * 清理流程对每个文件先做引用判定：被引用（job/result/chunk/scope 引用）→ 跳过；
+ * 仅未引用文件进入清理。本类固化决策逻辑（清理执行本身由各清理服务负责）。
+ */
+@Service
+public class ReferenceAwareCleaner {
+
+    public enum CleanDecision {
+        /** 被引用，跳过清理。 */
+        SKIP_REFERENCED,
+        /** 未引用，可清理。 */
+        CLEAN,
+    }
+
+    public record FileDecision(File file, CleanDecision decision) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 单文件决策：引用判定抛异常时保守跳过（宁可保留不可误删）。
+     */
+    public CleanDecision decide(File file, Predicate<String> isReferenced) {
+        if (file == null || isReferenced == null) {
+            return CleanDecision.CLEAN;
+        }
+        try {
+            return isReferenced.test(file.getName())
+                    ? CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED
+                    : CleanDecision.CLEAN;
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            return CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 批量决策：混合批次中仅未引用文件 CLEAN；引用判定失败的文件保守跳过。
+     */
+    public List<FileDecision> decideBatch(List<File> files, Predicate<String> isReferenced) {
+        List<FileDecision> decisions = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (files == null) {
+            return decisions;
+        }
+        for (File file : files) {
+            decisions.add(new FileDecision(file, decide(file, isReferenced)));
+        }
+        return decisions;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/file/service/ReferenceAwareCleanerTest.java b/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/file/service/ReferenceAwareCleanerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb1a1f63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/file/service/ReferenceAwareCleanerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package com.nanri.aiimage.modules.file.service;
+
+import com.nanri.aiimage.modules.file.service.ReferenceAwareCleaner.CleanDecision;
+import com.nanri.aiimage.modules.file.service.ReferenceAwareCleaner.FileDecision;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * task-163：引用中文件不清契约（plan 09）。
+ * 被 job/result 等引用的文件 → 跳过清理；仅未引用文件清理；引用判定失败保守
+ * 跳过；批量混合；幂等。
+ */
+class ReferenceAwareCleanerTest {
+
+    private final ReferenceAwareCleaner cleaner = new ReferenceAwareCleaner();
+
+    private final File jobReferenced = new File("target/tmp/job-ref.tmp");
+    private final File resultReferenced = new File("target/tmp/result-ref.tmp");
+    private final File unreferenced = new File("target/tmp/free.tmp");
+
+    @Test
+    void jobReferencedFileIsSkipped() {
+        CleanDecision decision = cleaner.decide(jobReferenced, name -> name.equals("job-ref.tmp"));
+
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED, decision, "被 job 引用 → 跳过清理");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void resultReferencedFileIsSkipped() {
+        CleanDecision decision = cleaner.decide(resultReferenced, name -> name.equals("result-ref.tmp"));
+
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED, decision, "被 result 引用 → 跳过清理");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void unreferencedFilePasses() {
+        CleanDecision decision = cleaner.decide(unreferenced, name -> false);
+
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.CLEAN, decision, "未引用文件可清理");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void multiReferenceAnyHitSkips() {
+        // 多引用来源：chunk/scope/job/result 任一命中即跳过
+        CleanDecision decision = cleaner.decide(jobReferenced,
+                name -> name.equals("other") || name.equals("job-ref.tmp") || name.equals("x"));
+
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED, decision);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void referenceReleasedAfterHistoryDeleteAllowsClean() {
+        // 删除历史后引用解除：谓词从 true 变 false → 可清理
+        CleanDecision before = cleaner.decide(jobReferenced, name -> true);
+        CleanDecision after = cleaner.decide(jobReferenced, name -> false);
+
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED, before);
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.CLEAN, after, "引用解除后可清理");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void batchMixedOnlyUnreferencedCleans() {
+        List<FileDecision> decisions = cleaner.decideBatch(
+                List.of(jobReferenced, unreferenced, resultReferenced),
+                name -> name.equals("job-ref.tmp") || name.equals("result-ref.tmp"));
+
+        assertEquals(3, decisions.size());
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED, decisions.get(0).decision());
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.CLEAN, decisions.get(1).decision(), "仅未引用文件清理");
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.SKIP_REFERENCED, decisions.get(2).decision());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void nullInputsAreSafe() {
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.CLEAN, cleaner.decide(null, name -> true));
+        assertEquals(CleanDecision.CLEAN, cleaner.decide(unreferenced, null));
+        assertTrue(cleaner.decideBatch(null, name -> false).isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void checkIsIdempotent() {
+        CleanDecision first = cleaner.decide(jobReferenced, name -> name.equals("job-ref.tmp"));
+        CleanDecision second = cleaner.decide(jobReferenced, name -> name.equals("job-ref.tmp"));
+
+        assertEquals(first, second, "同输入同决策");
+    }
+}