diff --git a/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/UsersPage.vue b/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/UsersPage.vue
index d092581d..7d877f2a 100644
--- a/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/UsersPage.vue
+++ b/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/UsersPage.vue
@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
+import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import type { AdminUser } from '@/types/admin'
 import { deleteUser, fetchUserList } from '@/api/users'
 import { createUserFilterState, toUserListParams } from './users-filter'
 import { totalPageCount } from './user-pagination'
 import { deleteBlockReason } from './user-delete-model'
+import { listPhaseOf } from './user-list-state'
 
 const loading = ref(false)
+const loadError = ref('')
 const rows = ref<AdminUser[]>([])
 const total = ref(0)
 const filters = reactive(createUserFilterState())
+const statePhase = computed(() => listPhaseOf({ loading: loading.value, error: loadError.value, items: rows.value, total: total.value }))
 
 async function loadUsers() {
   loading.value = true
+  loadError.value = ''
   try {
     const page = await fetchUserList(toUserListParams(filters))
     rows.value = page.items
@@ -27,12 +31,18 @@ async function loadUsers() {
       total.value = retried.total
     }
   } catch (error) {
-    ElMessage.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : '用户列表加载失败')
+    loadError.value = error instanceof Error ? error.message : '用户列表加载失败'
+    ElMessage.error(loadError.value)
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
 }
 
+/** 错误态重试：重新拉取当前筛选列表。 */
+function retry() {
+  void loadUsers()
+}
+
 /** 提交新筛选条件：重置回第一页再查询。 */
 function search() {
   filters.page = 1
@@ -83,6 +93,18 @@ onMounted(loadUsers)
       </el-form>
     </el-card>
     <el-card shadow="never">
+      <el-alert
+        v-if="statePhase === 'error' && loadError"
+        :title="loadError"
+        type="error"
+        show-icon
+        :closable="false"
+        style="margin-bottom: 12px"
+      >
+        <template #default>
+          <el-button link type="primary" @click="retry">重试</el-button>
+        </template>
+      </el-alert>
       <el-table v-loading="loading" :data="rows" stripe>
         <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="90" />
         <el-table-column prop="username" label="用户名" min-width="180" />
@@ -91,7 +113,7 @@ onMounted(loadUsers)
         <el-table-column prop="createdAt" label="创建时间" width="180" />
         <el-table-column label="操作" width="120" fixed="right">
           <template #default="{ row }">
-            <el-button link type="danger" @click="removeUser(row)">删除</el-button>
+            <el-button link type="danger" :disabled="deleteBlockReason(row) !== undefined" @click="removeUser(row)">删除</el-button>
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
       </el-table>
diff --git a/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/user-list-state.ts b/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/user-list-state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88d440b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/admin-frontend-vue/src/pages/account/user-list-state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/** 用户列表加载/空/错状态（任务 52）：纯 phase 归一无 UI 依赖，供页面展示决策复用。 */
+
+export type ListPhase = 'loading' | 'error' | 'empty' | 'ready'
+
+export interface UserListPhaseInput {
+  loading?: boolean
+  error?: string
+  items?: unknown[]
+  total?: number
+}
+
+/** 归一列表展示相位：loading 优先，其次 error，其次空，否则 ready。 */
+export function listPhaseOf(input: UserListPhaseInput): ListPhase {
+  if (input.loading) return 'loading'
+  if (typeof input.error === 'string' && input.error.trim()) return 'error'
+  const items = Array.isArray(input.items) ? input.items : []
+  const total = typeof input.total === 'number' ? input.total : items.length
+  if (items.length === 0 || total === 0) return 'empty'
+  return 'ready'
+}
+
+/** 空态提示文案。 */
+export function userListEmptyHint(): string {
+  return '暂无用户数据'
+}
+
+/** 错误态可操作提示：带上具体原因，缺省给通用文案。 */
+export function userListErrorHint(message?: string | null): string {
+  const text = (message || '').trim()
+  return text ? `加载失败：${text}` : '加载失败，请稍后重试'
+}
diff --git a/admin-frontend-vue/tests/task-52.test.ts b/admin-frontend-vue/tests/task-52.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0c7c1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/admin-frontend-vue/tests/task-52.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import test from 'node:test'
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict'
+import { readSource } from './helpers.ts'
+import { listPhaseOf, userListEmptyHint, userListErrorHint, type ListPhase, type UserListPhaseInput } from '../src/pages/account/user-list-state.ts'
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_normal_primary_path', () => {
+  // 正常主路径：有数据且无错 → ready。
+  const input: UserListPhaseInput = { loading: false, error: '', items: [{ id: 1 }], total: 1 }
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf(input), 'ready')
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_normal_variant_input', () => {
+  // 正常变体：加载中优先于其它；空数据且有 total 0 → empty。
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({ loading: true, error: '', items: [], total: 0 }), 'loading')
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({ loading: false, error: '', items: [], total: 0 }), 'empty')
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_normal_repeated_operation_is_idempotent', () => {
+  // 正常重复：纯函数不改输入、结果稳定。
+  const input: UserListPhaseInput = { loading: false, error: 'x', items: [], total: 0 }
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf(input), listPhaseOf(input))
+  assert.equal(input.error, 'x')
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_boundary_empty_input', () => {
+  // 边界空值：空对象按默认(无错无加载) → empty，不崩溃。
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({} as never), 'empty')
+  assert.ok(userListEmptyHint())
+  assert.ok(userListErrorHint('网络异常'))
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_boundary_single_item', () => {
+  // 边界单元素：单条记录 ready。
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({ loading: false, error: '', items: [{ id: 7 }], total: 1 }), 'ready')
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_boundary_limit_or_missing_field', () => {
+  // 边界上限/缺字段：items 空但 total>0 仍视为空(首屏缺行)；缺 total 按 0 处理。
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({ loading: false, error: '', items: [], total: 5 }), 'empty')
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({ loading: false, error: '', items: [{ id: 1 }] } as never), 'ready')
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_invalid_input_rejected', () => {
+  // 异常输入：error 存在且非加载 → error 优先于 empty/ready。
+  assert.equal(listPhaseOf({ loading: false, error: '无权限', items: [{ id: 1 }], total: 9 }), 'error')
+  assert.match(userListErrorHint('服务器错误'), /服务器错误/)
+})
+
+test('test_task_052_user_list_state_dependency_failure_returns_actionable_message', () => {
+  // 依赖失败/状态落页面局部：UsersPage 有 error 状态、失败可重试，且复用局部状态模块。
+  const mod = readSource('src/pages/account/user-list-state.ts')
+  assert.equal(/axios|http\.|defineStore/.test(mod), false, '列表状态模型保持纯逻辑')
+  const page = readSource('src/pages/account/UsersPage.vue')
+  assert.match(page, /user-list-state/)
+  assert.match(page, /error/) // 显式错误态
+  assert.match(page, /loadUsers|retry|reload/i)
+})