diff --git a/frontend-vue/src/shared/api/http.ts b/frontend-vue/src/shared/api/http.ts
index 87004e95..2193fe25 100644
--- a/frontend-vue/src/shared/api/http.ts
+++ b/frontend-vue/src/shared/api/http.ts
@@ -25,16 +25,18 @@ export interface JavaApiResponse<T> {
 }
 export type RequestOptions<D = unknown> = AxiosRequestConfig<D>
 
-function extractErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+export function extractErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
   if (error instanceof AxiosError) {
     const data = error.response?.data
 
     if (data && typeof data === 'object') {
-      if ('error' in data && data.error) {
-        return String(data.error)
-      }
-      if ('message' in data && data.message) {
-        return String(data.message)
+      for (const field of ['error', 'message', 'msg'] as const) {
+        if (field in data && typeof (data as Record<string, unknown>)[field] === 'string') {
+          const value = ((data as Record<string, string>)[field]).trim()
+          if (value) {
+            return value
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/frontend-vue/tests/extract-error.test.ts b/frontend-vue/tests/extract-error.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1136b92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend-vue/tests/extract-error.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { test } from 'node:test'
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict'
+import { AxiosError } from 'axios'
+import { extractErrorMessage } from '../src/shared/api/http.ts'
+
+function makeAxiosError(status: number, data: unknown) {
+  return new AxiosError('Request failed with status code ' + status, String(status), undefined, undefined, {
+    status,
+    data,
+    statusText: '',
+    headers: {},
+    config: {} as never,
+  })
+}
+
+test('test_extract_error_field', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(400, { error: '字段校验失败' })
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), '字段校验失败')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_message_field', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(500, { message: '服务器内部错误' })
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), '服务器内部错误')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_msg_field', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(400, { msg: '任务已存在' })
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), '任务已存在')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_error_precedence', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(400, { error: 'e1', message: 'm1', msg: 'm2' })
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), 'e1', 'error 应优先')
+
+  const noError = makeAxiosError(400, { message: 'm1', msg: 'm2' })
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(noError), 'm1', '无 error 时 message 优先于 msg')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_string_body', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(502, 'Bad Gateway 网关错误')
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), 'Bad Gateway 网关错误')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_fallback_message', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(500, {})
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), 'Request failed with status code 500')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_axios_non_error', () => {
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(new Error('普通错误')), '普通错误')
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage('纯字符串'), '请求失败')
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(undefined), '请求失败')
+})
+
+test('test_extract_blank_values_skipped', () => {
+  const error = makeAxiosError(400, { error: '  ', message: '', msg: '真实原因' })
+  assert.equal(extractErrorMessage(error), '真实原因', '空白 error/message 应跳过，回退 msg')
+})