diff --git a/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/dedupe/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java b/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/dedupe/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java
index e0caf129..6112b84d 100644
--- a/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/dedupe/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java
+++ b/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/dedupe/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 /**
  * 分组删除守卫：去重总数据（2026-09 从 shopkey 收回本模块，文案保持不变）。
  */
-@Service
+@Service("dedupeGroupDeletionGuard")
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class GroupDeletionGuard implements GroupDeletionGuardPort {
 
diff --git a/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/invalidasin/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java b/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/invalidasin/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java
index eef76146..158cf8eb 100644
--- a/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/invalidasin/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java
+++ b/backend-java/src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/invalidasin/service/GroupDeletionGuard.java
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 /**
  * 分组删除守卫：品牌数据库（不符合 ASIN）数据（2026-09 从 shopkey 收回本模块，文案保持不变）。
  */
-@Service
+@Service("invalidAsinGroupDeletionGuard")
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class GroupDeletionGuard implements GroupDeletionGuardPort {
 
diff --git a/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/SpringComponentBeanNameUniquenessTest.java b/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/SpringComponentBeanNameUniquenessTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6353fb5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/SpringComponentBeanNameUniquenessTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package com.nanri.aiimage;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Spring 组件默认 Bean 名（简单类名）唯一性守卫。
+ *
+ * <p>2026-09-14 事故：把共享类下沉到 common 时新增了两个同名 {@code GroupDeletionGuard}
+ * （invalidasin / dedupe 各一），Spring 默认用简单类名做 Bean 名 → 启动直接抛
+ * ConflictingBeanDefinitionException，**而单测不起完整上下文，全绿也发现不了**，
+ * 直到部署后线上 health 不通才暴露（主机 A 连续重启失败）。
+ *
+ * <p>本测试扫描 main 源码：若两个 Spring 组件简单名相同，则**两者都必须**显式命名
+ * （{@code @Service("xxx")} / {@code @Component("xxx")} 等）才允许；否则红。
+ */
+class SpringComponentBeanNameUniquenessTest {
+
+    private static final Pattern COMPONENT_ANNOTATION = Pattern.compile(
+            "^@(Service|Component|Repository|Controller|RestController|Configuration)\\b(.*)$",
+            Pattern.MULTILINE);
+    private static final Pattern EXPLICIT_NAME = Pattern.compile("^\\s*\\(\\s*\"[^\"]+\"");
+    private static final Pattern CLASS_DECLARATION = Pattern.compile("^public\\s+(?:final\\s+)?class\\s+(\\w+)",
+            Pattern.MULTILINE);
+
+    private record Component(String simpleName, String path, boolean explicitBeanName) {
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void duplicateComponentSimpleNamesMustBeExplicitlyNamed() throws IOException {
+        Map<String, List<Component>> bySimpleName = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (Path file : mainSourceFiles()) {
+            String source = Files.readString(file, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            Matcher annotation = COMPONENT_ANNOTATION.matcher(source);
+            if (!annotation.find()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Matcher classDeclaration = CLASS_DECLARATION.matcher(source);
+            if (!classDeclaration.find()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            boolean explicit = EXPLICIT_NAME.matcher(annotation.group(2)).find();
+            Component component = new Component(classDeclaration.group(1), shortPath(file), explicit);
+            bySimpleName.computeIfAbsent(component.simpleName(), ignored -> new ArrayList<>()).add(component);
+        }
+
+        List<String> violations = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, List<Component>> entry : bySimpleName.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getValue().size() < 2) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            List<Component> unnamed = entry.getValue().stream().filter(c -> !c.explicitBeanName()).toList();
+            if (!unnamed.isEmpty()) {
+                violations.add("简单类名 " + entry.getKey() + " 重复且未显式命名："
+                        + unnamed.stream().map(Component::path).toList()
+                        + "（另一个：" + entry.getValue().stream().map(Component::path).toList() + "）");
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(violations.isEmpty(),
+                "Spring 组件默认 Bean 名冲突会导致启动失败（单测发现不了），"
+                        + "请给其中一个加 @Service(\"显式名\")：\n" + String.join("\n", violations));
+    }
+
+    private static List<Path> mainSourceFiles() throws IOException {
+        Path root = Paths.get("src", "main", "java");
+        try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.walk(root)) {
+            return stream.filter(path -> path.toString().endsWith(".java")).toList();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String shortPath(Path path) {
+        return path.toString().replace('\\', '/').replace("src/main/java/com/nanri/aiimage/", "");
+    }
+}