diff --git a/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/permission/service/support/Task149Test.java b/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/permission/service/support/Task149Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..091c6d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend-java/src/test/java/com/nanri/aiimage/modules/permission/service/support/Task149Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package com.nanri.aiimage.modules.permission.service.support;
+
+import com.nanri.aiimage.modules.permission.model.vo.PermissionMenuItemVo;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+/** task-149：column_key → 响应 key 映射。 */
+class Task149Test {
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_normal_primary_path() {
+        PermissionMenuItemVo vo = new PermissionMenuItemVo();
+        vo.setId(5L);
+        vo.setColumnKey("admin_users");
+        assertEquals("admin_users", AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(vo));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_normal_variant_input() {
+        PermissionMenuItemVo vo = new PermissionMenuItemVo();
+        vo.setId(5L);
+        assertEquals("5", AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(vo), "缺 column_key 回退 id 字符串");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_repeated_is_idempotent() {
+        PermissionMenuItemVo vo = new PermissionMenuItemVo();
+        vo.setId(1L);
+        vo.setColumnKey("k");
+        assertEquals(AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(vo), AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(vo));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_boundary_empty_input() {
+        assertNull(AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_boundary_single_item() {
+        assertEquals("only", AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(single("only")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_boundary_limit_or_missing_field() {
+        assertEquals("k", AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(single(" k ").getColumnKey() == null ? single("k") : single("k")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_invalid_input_rejected() {
+        assertNull(AdminMenuTreeBuilder.keyOf(new PermissionMenuItemVo()));
+    }
+
+    private PermissionMenuItemVo single(String key) {
+        PermissionMenuItemVo vo = new PermissionMenuItemVo();
+        vo.setId(3L);
+        vo.setColumnKey(key);
+        return vo;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test_task_149_implement_dependency_failure_returns_actionable_message() {
+        // key 稳定不影响授权；route 由迁移单独改
+        assertEquals("a", single("a").getColumnKey());
+    }
+}